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Ginseng
Latin name: Radix Ginseng
Chinese Name: RenShen (Ginseng)
Traditional Uses
Actions: Replenishes and supplements original ch’i, expels
evil ch’i: supplements lung yin (vital essence), benefits
the body fluid of the five viscera (heart liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys);
pacifies the spirit, soothes the soul, increases wisdom, and opens the
cleverness of the heart; controls palpitations, increases salivation,
and clears vision
Pharmacology
(1) Tonifying effect: Ginseng acts on the pituitary and
stimulates the adrenal gland, thus increasing the body’s resistance
to harmful stimulation or stress, and allows th body to withstand extreme
temperatures.
(2) Nervous system-stimulating effect: Ginseng hastens nervous
reflexes, speeds up transmission of nervous impulses, increases the intensity
of conditioned reflexes, improves the ability to think analytically and
overall mental performance, and diminishes fatigue. The crude saponin
of ginseng stimulates the central nervous system and acts against muscular
fatigue and tension.
(3) Cardiotonic effect: Ginseng causes the heart to contract
more strongly, as do the cardio-glycosides. The alcohol extract
is more potent in this action than the aqueous extract. Anima studies
show that small doses of ginseng cause contraction of peripheral blood
vessels, thus slightly increasing blood pressure.
(4) Stimulating sexual functions: Ginseng stimulates the
hormones of sex glands, thus increasing sexual function in males and
females.
(5) Hypoglycemic effect: Ginseng affects metabolism and
lowers blood sugar level by acting synergetically with insulin.
(6) Antidiuretic effect: Ginseng’s antidiuretic action
is similar to that of desoxycorticosterone in increasing secretion of
aldosterone, causing retention of sodium, thus decreasing excretion of
urine.
(7) Effect on digestion, absorption, and metabolism: Ginseng
increases protein synthesis and also appetite, and causes a lowering
of blood cholesterol.
(8) Antiallergic effect: Ginseng decreases allergic shock
caused by horse blood serum, and dramatically inhibits edema due to allergy. These
actions are probably due to ginseng’s antihistamine actions.
(9) Other effects:
(a) Ginsenoside R1 possesses a slight sedative action.
(b) Ginsenoside Rb2, Re, Rg1 stimulates DNA, protein, and
fat synthesis in mice bone-marrow cells.
(c) Ginsenoside-Rg1 diminishes fatigue.
(d) Ginsenoside-Rb1 prevents blood hemolysis.
(e) Ginseng promotes the process of hemopoiesis.
Reference: Hung-yen Hsu, Ph.D. and Associates: Oriental Materia
Medica A Concise Guide 1986, Keats Publishing